Generalized measuring systems and its functional elements


Generalized measuring systems and its functional elements.
(a) Primary sensing element
(b) Transducer element
(c) Data manipulation element
(d) Data transmitter element
(e) Data process element
(f) Data presentation element


(a) Primary sensing element:
The element that is sensitive to the measuring variable. The sensing element senses the condition and process the variable by extracting a small part of energy and producers and output which is proportional to the input.

(b) Transducer element:
The element that converts signal from one physical form to another form without changing the information contained.
Example: bourdon tube and bellows which transfers pressure into displacement.
Rack and pinion which converts Rotary into linear vice versa.

(c) Manipulation element:
This element modifies the director signal by amplification (increase the power /strength) and filtering (removing unwanted noise and signals)., So that desired output is produced.

(d) Data transmission element:
An element that transmits the data or signal from one location to another location without changing the information contained.
The data may be transmitted over long distance (from one location to another location( or short distance (from test centre to the nearby computer)

(e) Data processing element
An element that modifies the data before it is displayed or finally recorded.
If any corrections or errors occur in the data the processing element modifies the data.

(f) Data presentation element.
An element that provides recorded data or indication of output from the data processing element.


 Tags: ICS, Instrumentation, control systems, control system, measurement