Hydraulic

Hydraulic Free Surface Flow
1.1. Introduction
1.2.Historical Development Of Hydraulics
1.3.History of Hydraulic In India
1.4.Classifications Of Flow

Channels And Their Geometric Properties
 2.1. Introduction
 2.2. Verify The Geometrical Elements For Circular Channel
 2.3. Difference Between Pipe Flow and Free Surface Flow

3.1. Continuity Equation
3.2. Energy In Free Surface Flow
3.3. Basics Momentum Equation

4.1. Velocity Measurement and distribution
4.2. Discharge measurement by Velocity Area Method.
4.3 Radio-active Tracer Technique for Measurement of River
4.4 Measurement of flow of water and the limitations of velocity area
4.5 Errors in Depth Measurement in high velocity flows in laboratory Using Point Gauges

5. Secondary Current and Spiral Flow

6.1 Energyand Momentum Coefficients
6.2 Energy,Momentum coefficients for different velocity
6.3Comparison Between Momentum and Energy Equation

7.1 Pressure Distribution and Pressure correction coefficients

8.1 Specificenergy equations for rectangular channels
8.2Application of Specific energy
8.3 Problems

9.1 Specific Force
9.2 Transition A Field Example
9.3 Application of Specific Force and Specific Energy
9.4 Transition in Field Example

10.1 Characteristics of critical flow
10.2 The Occurrence of Critical Flow; Controls

11.1 Critical depth in Trapezoidal and Circular channels
11.2 Hydraulic exponent for critical flow M
11.3 Problem

12.1 Critical flow depth computations
12.2 Problems

13.1 Measuring Flumes
13.2 Critical depth flumes

14.1 Weirs-Introduction
14.2 Types of Control Structures
14.3 Proportional Weirs
14.4 Flow Over Weirs
14.5 Polygonal weirs-Introduction
14.6 Special Types of Weirs
14.7 The broad- crested weir
14.8 Different Types of Broad Crested Weirs
14.9 Bear-trap weir

15.1 Flow below a Sluice Gate
15.2BRINK DEPTH
15.3 Modern Methods of Flow Measurements
15.4 Outlets and Modules
15.5 Errors in Measurements

International Standard For Flow Measurement

16.1 Concept of Uniform Flow
16.2 Derivation of Uniform Flow Equations
16.3.1 Resistance in Open Channel Hydraulics
16.4 History of Uniform Flow Velocity and Resistance Factor

17.1 Friction
17.2 Ganguillet and Kutter (G & K) formula (River Mississippi)
17.3 Conveyance
17.4 The Section Factor for Uniform-Flow Computation

18.1 The Hydraulic Exponent for Uniform – Flow
18.2 Establish the conditions for maximum discharge and Maximum Velocity
18.3 The channel- bed slopes may be classified into the Following Five Categories
18.4 Types of Problem in Uniform Flow


19.1 Problem Maximum Discharge
19.2 Problem Irregular Channel
19.3 Solution of Algebraic or Transcendental Equation by the Bisection Method
19.4 Solution of Manning Equation by Newton Raphson

20.1 Slope Area Method
20.2 Normal and Critical Slopes

21.1 Design of Canals
21.2 Typical canal cross sections

22.1 Lining the Canals
22.2 Seepage Prevention with Impermeable Membranes
22.3 Failure of Canal Lining
22.4 Most efficient Hydraulic section
22.5 Design of Unlined Channels
22.6 Examples

23.3 Dynamic Equation for Steady Gradually Varied Flow
23.4 Classification of Gradually Varied Flow Profiles

GRADUALLY  VARIED FLOW

24.1 Real Life Cases of Water Surface Profiles
24.2 Sketching of Composite Water - Surface Profiles

25.1. 25.2 Computation of Gradually Varied Flow
25.3 Example 25.1

26.1 Standard Step Method
26.2 Example 26.1

27. Integration of Differential Equation
27.2 Improved Euler Method
27.3 Fourth - Order - Runge - Kutta Method
27.4 HEC – 2

28.2 Classification of Jumps
28.3 Momentum equation
28.4 General Hydraulic Jump Equation



29.1 Energy loss in the Jump
29.2 Turbulent Characteristics of the Jump
29.3 Pressure Distribution in the Jump
29.4 Velocity Distribution in Hydraulic Jump
29.5 Length of the Jump

30.1 Air entrainment Characteristics of the Jump
30.2 Pre entrained hydraulic jump (PHJ)
30.3 Air Concentration Distribution along the Jump
30.4 Decay of Turbulence Downstream from a Stilling Basin

31. Hydraulic Jumps in Sloping Channels

32.1 Sequent Depth Tail Water Relationship - Stilling Basin
32.3 Baffle Stilling Basin
32.4 Bhavani Type Stilling Basin
32.5 Stilling Basin in Sudden Expansions
32.6 Slotted Bucket Stilling Basin

33. Spillway
                      33.1 Introduction
                      33.2 Ogee Type Spillway Profile
                      33.3 Spillway Discharge Equation
                      33.4 Spillway Structures
     33.5 Computation of Water Surface Profile Over Spillway
     33.6 Salient Features of Selected Spillways

34. Siphon Spillway
                      34.2 Saddle Siphons
                      34.4 Morning Glory Spillway

35.1 Chute Spillways
35.2 Stepped or CascadeSpillways

36.1.1 INTRODUCTION
36.2 CLASSIFICATION OFRIVER BENDS
36.3 Transverse watersurface slope in bends